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1. Iriburiro

Ku wa 23 Mata 2024, ubutegetsi bwo mu Bwongereza bwemeje itegeko ryo kwirukana abantu bari ku butaka bw’icyo gihugu ku buryo butemewe bakoherezwa mu Rwanda. Bwavuze ko buzatangira kubirukana mu byumweru icumi cyangwa cumi na bibiri biri imbere (1). Icyemezo nk’iki n’ubundi cyari cyarafashwe ku buryo cyagombaga gutangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa muri Kamena 2022, icyo gihe akanama k’Umuryango uhuza ibihugu bimwe by’i Burayi gashinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu kakiburizamo ku munota wa nyuma. None barongeye bakigarukaho batitaye ku byifuzo by’abahangayikishijwe na cyo, barimo Loni, imiryango myinshi ivuga ko irengera uburenganzira bwa muntu, izo mpunzi ubwazo (2), n’abaturage b’Urwanda by’umwihariko.

Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cy’Ubwongereza yisobanuye avuga ko Urwanda ari igihugu cyizewe, gitekanye, ko kidatuwe cyane («slightly underpopulated») (3), ko kubera jenoside yahabaye igihugu gikeneye abimukira bagitura, ko abirukanywe bazahamererwa neza, bakazanateza ubukungu bwaho imbere. Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Ubwongereza we yongeyeho ko ibi bizatuma n’abandi batekerezaga kuza kuba muri icyo gihugu ku buryo butemewe bazajya batinya. Umuvugizi wa guverinoma y’u Rwanda nawe yatangaje ko icyo cyemezo bacyishimiye, ko biteguye kwakira neza abo bazirukanwa (1). Twibuke ko ubutegetsi bw’Urwanda atari ubwa mbere bugiye kwakira impunzi ahandi badashaka; bigeze kugirana ubwo bwumvikane na Leta ya Isiraheli (4), ariko uko byakomeje ntibyavuzwe cyane mw’itangazamakuru.

Igihita kigaragara iyo umuntu asuzumye iby’iyi gahunda, ni amafaranga menshi ayirimo. Nk’ubu kugeza mu mpera za 2023, Urwanda rwari rwarahawe agera kuri miriyoni 240 z’amapawundi, ni ukuvuga byibuze miriyari 387 z’amanyarwanda ubaze ko ipawundi rivunja 1616 FRw (5). Ahwanye hafi na 8% by’ingengo y’imari y’Urwanda yateganyirijwe umwaka wa 2023-2024, ingana na miriyari 5030 FRw (6). Ngo iyi gahunda kandi nikomeza, buri muntu uzaba yaroherejwe mu Rwanda bazajya bamutangaho amapawundi ibihumbi 150, ni ukuvuga amanyarwanda ageze kuri miriyoni 242.

Nyamara ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura uko imari y’igihugu ikoreshwa mu Bwongereza cyitwa NAO (National Audit Office), cyabaze ko kwirukana umuntu bakamwohereza mu kindi gihugu bihenzeho amapawundi ibihumbi 63 kurusha bamwitayeho mu Bwongereza (5). Biratangaje rero kubona bemera gutagaguza umutungo w’igihugu bene aka kageni, uretse ko hari n’uwabibonamo ubushishozi bwo kureba kure yemeza ko Ubwongereza buzabyungukiramo nibituma koko abasabayo ubuhungiro bagabanuka.

Ariya magambo y’umuminisitiri w’Ubwongereza avuga ko Urwanda rudatuwe cyane yavuzweho byinshi na bamwe mu Banyarwanda baba mu Rwanda no mu mahanga, baba abo mu mashyaka yiteguye guhatanira ubutegetsi, baba n’abasesenguzi bo ku ma radiyo-tereviziyo (7). Bamwe bati ni byo koko abantu barashize mu gihugu kubera ko ubutegetsi buri mu Rwanda iki gihe bwagiye bubica umusubizo muri iyi myaka mirongo itatu bumazeho, cyane cyane abo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu, abandi bati ahubwo nta buhumekero buhari mu byerekeranye n’ubutaka, iyo uhereye ku mibare ubutegetsi butanga y’abatuye Urwanda barengaga miriyoni 13 mu mwaka w’i 2022 (8). Ibyo ari byo byose ariya magambo hari Abanyarwanda bumvise ari ukubakina ku mubyimba.

Muri iyi nyandiko turareba umurage Ubwongereza bwasigiraga abaturage b’aho bwakoronije mu rwego rw’imibanire yabo, turebe uko ibihugu iki gihe byiganjemo abo bita Anglo-Saxons, ni ukuvuga abazungu bakomoka ku Bongereza bakwiriye mu bihugu byinshi ku isi, babaniye abasangwabutaka baho. Turavuguruza kandi biriya Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu w’Ubwongereza avuga ku Rwanda agerageza kumvikanisha icyemezo cye kibi. Turanerekana ko Urwanda nta bwigenge rugifite bwo gufata ibyemezo ubwarwo. Turarangiza tugerageza gusesengura ibyaba byihishe inyuma y’iriya gahunda yo kohereza abantu mu Rwanda duhereye kuri za gahunda zizwi zo gusenya ibihugu no kubicuza imitungo yabyo bariya ba Anglo-Saxons bagiye bagaragaramo mu mateka ya kera n’aya vuba.

2. Uko Abongereza bitwaye mu bihugu bakoronije

2.1 Incamake ku mateka y’ubukoroni (9)

Iyo igihugu kirushije ikindi ingufu, kikohereza abaturage bacyo mu kindi kuhatura cyangwa kuhakorera imirimo yunguka, bavuga ko cyagikoronije.

Gukoroniza byabayeho kuva kera cyane, no mu bihe bya mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu Kristu. Akenshi ibihugu byagendaga byigarurira ibindi bihana imbibi. Guhera mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya cumi na gatanu, kubera ko abanyaburayi bari baratangiye gusobanukirwa neza ubumenyi bw’isi, baramenye gukora amato manini kandi yihuta, no gukora intwaro zirasa kure, zidahusha cyane kandi zica benshi, batangiye kwambuka inyanja bajya gukoroniza ibihugu bya kure. Byitabiriwe cyane n’ibihugu bya Esipanye, Portugali, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Ubuhorandi, Ubudage, Ubutaliyani n’Ububiligi. Ku yindi migabane y’isi, Ubuyapani na Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (muri iyi nyandiko turazita «Amerika» tutiyibagije ko atari zo zonyine zigize uwo mugabane w’isi) na byo byageze ubwo byambuka inyanja bijya gukoroniza ibindi bihugu.

Ibyagenzaga abakoroni ni byinshi. Iby’ingenzi ni ukwigarurira ubukungu bw’aho bafashe, gukwirakwiza umuco wabo bityo bakongera ubuhangange bw’ibihugu byabo, no gushinga ibirindiro ahantu bashobora kugenzura mu buryo bwa gisirikari ibibera muri ako karere, cyane cyane ibirebana n’ubukungu. Bitwazaga n’abahanga bashinzwe gukwiza iterambere mu bikorwa bya kimuntu, nk’ibirebana n’iyobokamana, ubuvuzi, n’uburezi.

Iyo abakoroni babaga bamaze kwereka abasangwabutaka ko babarusha ingufu za gisirikari, bakoreshaga uburyo butandukanye bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibihugu bigaruriye. Hari ugushyiraho amaguriro y’ibintu babaga bakeneye, byaba ibihingwa, amabuye y’agaciro n’ubundi bukungu bwo mu butaka, ariko ntibazane abaturage benshi bo kuhatura. Hari ugushyira abantu babo mu myanya y’ingenzi y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu bagakoresha abasangwabutaka imirimo iciriritse hamwe n’iy’uburetwa, imishinga y’ubukungu igategurwa hagamijwe cyane inyungu z’ibihugu byabo. Hari ukureka abasangwabutaka bemeye gukoma yombi bagakomeza gutegeka igihugu cyabo ariko bafite abavuye ibukuru (métropole) babagenzura bakanabarusha ijambo. Hari no kwerura bagakora ku buryo abaturage babo baza ari benshi bagasimbura abasangwabutaka babanje kubatsemba, cyangwa kubahindira ahantu bigoye gutura no kugira ibikorwa byunguka.

Kugirango abakoroni bashobore kwigarurira ibihugu binini, bituwe cyane kandi bifite n’ubutegetsi buhamye, bakoreshaga ya politiki mbi yo gushyamiranya abasangwabutaka bitwaje amoko, amadini, uturere, igabana ry’ubutegetsi n’ubukungu, n’ibindi bishobora gutandukanya abaturage babyo.

Ibihugu byitabiriye ubukoroni akenshi byirindaga kujya aho ibindi byabaga byabitanze, rimwe na rimwe bikagomba kurwana utsinzwe akajya kureba ahandi, ariko hari n’igihe byumvikanaga bigakora inama yo kugabana ibihugu by’umugabane w’isi byabaga bigambiriye gufata, nk’uko byagenze i Beriline mu Budage muri Gashyantare 1885, ubwo byumvikanaga uburyo bizigabanya Afurika (10).

2.2 Uko muri make Ubwongereza bwabigenzaga mu gukoroniza ibindi bihugu

Mu rwego rwo gushaka kwigarurira ibihugu byabaga byikomwe, Abongereza bakoresheje buriya buryo tumaze kurondora bwose.

Hagati y’imyaka y’1607 n’1783, ku mugabane w’Amerika y’amajyaruguru, Abongereza bari bahafite koroni (colonies) cumi n’eshatu (11). Abakoroni bazo (abenshi bakomokaga mu Bwongereza) bari baragiye bazishinga babanje gutsemba cyangwa kumenesha abasangwabutaka baho. Zabaga ziyoborwa n’abaguverineri bemewe

n’umwami w’Ubwongereza, bagakora ku buryo ibintu by’agaciro hamwe n’imisoro bijya bipakirwa amato bikajyanwa ibukuru. Byageze ubwo izo koroni zigomeka, zirwana n’Ubwongereza, zitangaza ubwigenge bwazo mu w’1776, Ubwongereza bubwemera mu w’1783, zihinduka Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.

Muri Kanada, Ositraliya na Nuvele Zelande naho bakoresheje buriya buryo bwo gutsemba no kumenesha abasangwabutaka (12). Nyuma ibyo bihugu byaje kugira ubwigenge buteruye (Dominions) kuko byemeye ko umwami w’Ubwongereza akomeza kuba umukuru w’ibihugu byabo.

Mu Buhinde no mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika, bararekaga abasangwabutaka bikitwa ko ari bo bayobora igihugu, ariko bakabategekeramo, ku buryo ibintu bifite agaciro byajyanwaga ibukuru, batitaye cyane ku mibereho y’abaturage baho. Ibikorwa byo kugerageza kwibohora n’imibereho mibi abaturage bari babayeho byahitanye abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni (13, 14). Ubuhinde bwaje gusubirana ubwigenge tariki 15 Kanama 1947, ariko Abongereza bari baragakoze ku buryo bwacitsemo ibihugu byinshi, ari byo Afuganistani, Nepali, Ubuhinde bw’ubu na Pakistani, nayo yaje gucikamo bibiri, Pakistani y’ubu na Bangaradeshi yatangaje ubwigenge bwayo tariki 26 Werurwe 1971.

Muri Palestine naho ibyo Abongereza bahakoze bijya kunganya ubugome n’ibyo bakoze muri ziriya Dominions zabo. Nyuma y’intambara ya mbere y’isi (1914-1918), abari bayitsinze bashinze ishyirahamwe ry’ibihugu bise Société des Nations (SDN). Iyo SDN iha Ubwongereza inshingano (mandat) yo kuyobora Palestine bukayitegura kugera ku bwigenge (15). Si ko byagenze rero kuko Abongereza ahubwo bakoze ku buryo haza ku bwinshi abimukira b’Abayahudi bahungaga itotezwa ryabakorerwaga mu bihugu by’i Burayi. Byaje kugeza aho abo bimukira baba benshi bakarusha ingufu abasangwabutaka.

Mu nama ya Loni yabaye tariki ya 29 Ugushyingo 1947 (14), Palestine yaciwemo ibice bitatu: Leta y’Abayahudi (56%), iy’Abarabu (42%), n’igice mpuzamahanga cya Yeruzaremu n’inkengero zayo (2%). Muri ririya gabanya rero habayemo gusumbanya bikabije. Twibutse ko mu mwaka w’1900, Palestine yari ifite abaturage ibihumbi 300, muri bo 4% (ni ukuvuga nk’ibihumbi 12) ari Abayahudi. Bigeze mu mwaka w’1947, abatuye Palestine babarirwaga muri miriyoni ebyiri, muri bo kimwe cya gatatu ari Abayahudi, ni ukuvuga hafi ibihumbi magana arindwi, Abarabu ari nka miriyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atatu. Ikindi, mbere yo gutera igihugu imirwi, ubutaka bungana na 94% bwari mu maboko y’Abarabu, Abayahudi bafite 6% gusa. Kuva ubwo intambara hagati y’Abarabu n’Abayahudi muri Palestine yaratangiye, na n’ubu rukigeretse nyuma y’imyaka 76 (17).

Muri Palestine rero naho biraboneka ko Abongereza bagakoze. Kubona ari bo bafashe iya mbere bagatanga igitekerezo muri SDN cyo guha Abayahudi igihugu cyabo ahantu bazi neza ko hatuwe n’abandi baturage biratangaje (18). Byari kumvikana wenda iyo bahazana abaturage b’Abongereza nk’uko babikoze ahandi. Ahubwo ntibikunze kuvugwa ko bari banahaye Abayahudi igitekerezo cyo gushinga igihugu cyabo muri Uganda kuko naho ari bo bahacungaga icyo gihe, bikaza gupfa ku munota wa nyuma (19).

Ingero tumaze gutanga ku buryo Abongereza bakoronizaga ibihugu zerekanye ukuntu babikoranaga ubugome, batitaye ku nyungu z’abaturage bahasanze.

2.3 Uko Abongereza bitwaye nyuma y’ubwigenge bw’ibihugu bari barakoronije

Igihe cyarageze ibihugu byari byarakoronijwe bigenda byipakurura iyo ngoyi bibona ubwigenge. Icyakora Abongereza bagize amayeri yo gushyiraho umuryango bise Commonwealth (20) watangiye mu myaka y’1920, ubungubu ugizwe n’ibihugu 56, muri byo bine bakaba batari barabikoronije, ari byo Mozambike (yinjiyemo mu mwaka w’1995), Urwanda (2009), Togo (2022) na Gabon (2022). Uwo muryango hari abawubonamo uburyo Abongereza babonye bwo gukomeza kugirana umubano wihariye na biriya bihugu, abandi bakawubonamo uburyo byo gukomeza kubikoroniza mu mayeri (néocolonialisme).

Twibuke kandi ko n’ubwo gukoroniza bitakivugwa cyane, nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi (1939-1945), Abongereza bafatanyije n’Abanyamerika bashenye ibihugu bitari bikeya, akenshi bifashishije abarwanyi b’abanyamahanga. Hamwe bashoboye guhirika ubutegetsi butabakomeraga yombi bashyiraho ubwemera kubungabunga inyungu zabo, ahandi birabananira ariko basiga intambara bahateje ihashegeshe.

Ntitwarondora ibihugu byose bagiye bivanga mu mitegekere yabyo bitwaje ngo kuhazana demukarasi cyangwa kurwanya iterabwoba, bikagira ingaruka mbi kandi ziramba ku mibereho y’abaturage babyo. Turatanga ingero nkeya:

– Muri Uganda, nyuma y’intambara yamaze imyaka itanu hagati y’i 1981 kugeza 1986, inyeshyamba za NRA (National Resistance Army) zafashe ubutegetsi i Kampala muri Mutarama 1986 zimaze kuyogoza igihugu cyane cyane mu bice bituwe n’abitwa Abaganda mu karere ka Luwero. Zatindaga amasiteri y’imirambo y’abo zishe, noneho zigahamagara abanyamakuru, zibabeshya ko abantu bishwe n’ubutegetsi zashakaga gusimbura (21). Nyuma yaho byaje kugaragara ko zakoranaga n’Abanyamerika n’Abongereza, ari nayo mpamvu na n’ubu bagishyigikiye ubutegetsi bwazo.

– Abanyamerika n’Abongereza, n’abandi babagenda inyuma, bagize uruhare mu gusenya igihugu cyitwaga Yugosilaviya guhera mu mwaka w’1991 kugeza ubwo cyacitsemo ibihugu bitandatu. Mu mwaka w’1995, bateye icyitwaga Repubulika y’Abaseribe muri Bosniya barahayogoza. Mu mwaka w’1999, bashenye Seribiya bayomoraho intara ya Kosovo itangaza ubwigenge bwayo barabwemera.

– N’ubwo abanyamakuru n’abanditsi bamwe badakunze kubivuga, Abanyamerika n’Abongereza bafashije Uganda gutera Urwanda hagati y’1990 n’1994 bahahindura ubutegetsi babanje kwica Perezida no guteza itsembabwoko ryahitanye abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi amagana n’amagana.

– Muri 2003 bashenye Irak, bica Perezida wayo, hapfa abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi magana, bagerageza kuyicamo ibihugu bitatu na n’ubu ntirazanzamuka.

– Muri 2011 bashwanyuje Libiya, bica umukuru w’igihugu n’abaturage ibihumbi mirongo, na n’ubu ntirongera kugira ubutegetsi bucunga igihugu cyose. Mu gusenya Libiya bakoresheje abarwanyi b’abahezanguni baturuka imihanda yose bavuga ko bagendera ku mahame ya Isilamu. Nyuma abo barwanyi bakoze imitwe y’iterabwoba ikwira mu bihugu byo mu majyepfo y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, mu karere kitwa Saheli. Iyo mitwe y’iterabwoba yagendaga yigarurira uduce tw’ibihugu byo muri ako karere, ingabo zabyo zikananirwa kuhagarura umutekano, bikaba ngombwa ko byitabaza ba mpatsibihugu ngo babirinde, bityo bakabona uburyo bwo kuhashinga ibigo bya gisirikare. Gusa nyuma byaje kugaragara ko aho gufasha ibyo bihugu kurwanya iyo mitwe y’iterabwoba, ba mpatsibihugu bayiteraga inkunga (22), noneho akaduruvayo iteje kagatuma biborohera kubungabunga inyungu zabo z’ubusahuzi bw’ibintu by’agaciro ubutaka bw’ako karere bukizeho.

– Muri 2014 bateje igihugu cya Siriya intambara ya rurangiza, ihitana abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi magana, ariko bananirwa kuvanaho ubutegetsi kuko bwitabaje Uburusiya bwemera kubutabara.

– Muri 2014, bahinduye ubutegetsi muri Ukerene bashyiraho abahezanguni banga urunuka Abarusiya. Abaturage bo mu ntara z’iburasirasirazuba bakunda Uburusiya barigomeka, ubutegetsi bushya burabatera haba imirwano rubura gica. Nyuma haje kuba amasezerano y’amahoro ariko ubutegetsi ntibwayubahiriza. Byageze aho izo ntara zari zarigometse zitabaje Uburusiya buremera, none kuva mu kwezi kwa Gashyantare 2022 havutse intambara ikaze imaze guhitana abaturage babarirwa mu bihumbi mirongo, n’abasirikari bageze ku bihumbi magana.

Nyamara abashyigikiye buriya butegetsi bwo muri Ukerene, abari kw’isonga bakaba ari Abongereza n’Abanyamerika, bakomeje kububuza kugirana imishyikirano n’Uburusiya batitaye ku nyungu z’abaturage, ku buryo ntawe uzi uko bizarangira. Hari n’abakeka ko biganisha ku ntambara ya gatatu y’isi ishobora kuzakoreshwamo intwaro zitwa iza kirimbuzi (armes de destruction massive) kuko babona ngo mu by’ukuri ari Amerika n’ibindi bihugu biyikurikira bishaka gusenya Uburusiya byitwaje Ukerene.

Uretse muri Irak, ahandi twatanzeho ingero abo ba mpatsibihugu nta ngabo zabo zisanzwe ziboneka ku rugamba, bakoresha abanyagihugu badakunda ubutegetsi bwaho, hamwe n’abarwanyi b’abanyamahanga.

3. Ibyo Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu w’Ubwongereza avuga ku Rwanda si ukuri

Mu byo Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu w’Ubwongereza yavuze asobanura impamvu za kiriya cyemezo cyo kwirukana impunzi badashaka, harimo ko Urwanda ari igihugu gitekanye, cyizewe, kidatuwe cyane. Kuba yaravuze ibintu nk’ibi mu ruhame, byerekana ko atazi Urwanda na gato, ko atazi ubutegetsi buriyo muri iki gihe uko buteye, ko abajyanama be bamubeshya cyangwa ko ari we mubeshyi kabombo.

Iyo umuntu asuzumye ibiranga ubutegetsi bw’igitugu (dictature), ahita abona ko n’Urwanda ariko rumaze imyaka myinshi rutegetswe. Uriya muminisitiri w’Ubwongereza se ntazi kubona ibigaragarira abantu bose bagendera ku kuri? Dore bimwe mu biranga ubutegetsi bw’igitugu (23):

– Kutubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ku bireba Urwanda, ushaka kubisobanukirwa neza yasoma raporo zo mu mwaka wa 2023 z’imiryango ibiri ivugwa cyane ko iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, Amnesty International (24) na Human Rights Watch (25). Izo raporo zihamya ko mu Rwanda nta kigenda muri urwo rwego.

– Gutoteza opozisiyo. Aha umuntu yasoma indi raporo ya Human Rights Watch (26) cyangwa inyandiko y’umusesenguzi ukorana na Fondation Jean Jaurès, aho anegura ubushake bw’ubutegetsi bwo mu Bufaransa bw’iki gihe bwiyemeje gukorana bya hafi n’ubwo mu Rwanda (27).

– Ubugome bukabije. Mu Rwanda rw’iki gihe ubwo bugome bugaragarira nko mw’iyicarubozo rikorerwa abo ubutegetsi buba bwikomye.

– Amatora afifitse. Mu Rwanda abantu bose bazi ko nta matora akoranye umucyo ajya ahaba, keretse abigiza nkana.

– Kutubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu bwo kuvuga icyo atekereza

– Kutihanganira itangazamakuru ryigenga

– Koza urubyiruko mu bwonko. Mu Rwanda rw’ubu bigaragarira nko mu byo bita ingando.

– Guhindura amateka y’igihugu

– Guhindura ingabo z’igihugu n’igiporisi iby’umuntu cyangwa iby’agatsiko

– Guca imanza z’ikinamico. Mu Rwanda ubutabera nabwo bwaburiwe irengero.

– Kwimakaza ruswa no kwikubira ibyunguka byo mu gihugu

– Gukoresha icyenewabo mu gusaranganya iby’igihugu gitanga. Mu Rwanda ubu icyo cyenewabo kigaragarira mw’ivanguramoko rikabije ritonesha Abatutsi, nyamara ubutegetsi bukabeshya ko nta moko akibayo.

– Gucamo abaturage ibice hakaba abatoneshwa n’abatagira kivurira

– Umukuru w’ubwo butegetsi aba ari hejuru y’amategeko akaba ahubwo ari nawe uyashyiraho, bakamusingiza cyane, bakamwita umubyeyi w’igihugu.

Uru rutonde abaruteguye wagirango babanje kureba ibibera mu Rwanda. Icyakora si Urwanda rwonyine rufite ubutegetsi bw’igitugu, kuko nta gihugu na kimwe kw’isi cyubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu ijana kw’ijana. Gusa Urwanda ruri mu bikabya kutabwubahiriza, rukagira n’akarusho ko kwica. Nta handi kw’isi ubutegetsi bwitabira kumena amaraso nk’ubwo mu Rwanda, yaba ay’Abanyarwanda cyangwa ay’Abanyekongo, kubera ko ntacyo bwishisha buhagarikiwe n’ababushyizeho b’ibihangange kw’isi. Ngurwo Urwanda uriya muminisitiri w’Ubwongereza avuga ko rwizewe, rutekanye.

Si ibyo gusa yanatangaje ko Urwanda rudatuwe cyane. Buriya se yabivuze yabanje kugereranya ubucucike (densité de la population) mu mwaka wa 2023 bw’abatuye Ubwongereza (279 kuri kirometerokare) n’abatuye Urwanda (582)? Iyo abisuzuma yari gusanga ubucucike bw’Urwanda bukubye kabiri ubw’Ubwongereza wenda agatinya kubeshya no gushinyagura bene kariya kageni (28).

4. Icyo iriya gahunda yo kwirukana impunzi bazihindira mu Rwanda yaba ihishe

Ntabwo ari ibanga, ubutegetsi buriho muri iki gihe mu Rwanda, bumazeho imyaka mirongo itatu, bwagiyeho bunashinga imizi ku bw’inkunga nyinshi ya Amerika n’Ubwongereza (29, 30), n’iy’ibindi bihugu bibigenda inyuma, cyane cyane ibigize Ubumwe bw’Uburayi. Kuva bariya ba Anglo-Saxons bahigarurira, nta mahoro yongeye kurangwa mu karere. Bashyize mu bikorwa rya hame rya politiki mbi rivuga ko kugirango byorohe gutegeka abaturage batagukunda ukora ku buryo bahora bashyamiranye.

Babigezeho cyane rero kuko mu Rwanda habaye ubwicanyi bukabije bushingiye ku moko, ubu hakaba harangwa ivangura ry’amoko ritihishira, ritonesha Abatutsi (uretse abatinyuka kunegura ubutegetsi) rigakandamiza Abahutu n’Abatwa. Ubwo bwicanyi ndetse no gushyamiranya abaturage, abategetsi b’Urwanda babujyanye no muri Repubulika igendera kuri Demukarasi ya Kongo (RD Kongo) kuva bahatera mu mwaka w’1996 kugeza magingo aya, kuko bashoboye gushyamiranya Abatutsi bo muri Kongo n’abaturage b’andi moko abarirwa mu magana.

Inkunga abo ba mpatsibihugu baha abategetsi b’Urwanda igaragarira mu bintu byinshi. Babafashije gushyiraho no gushimangira ubutegetsi bw’igitugu gikabije. Babafasha cyane mu by’igisirikari, babakingira ikibaba ntibahanirwe ibyaha bakora birebana n’ihonyora ry’inyoko muntu, baborohereza kubona inkunga n’imirimo muri Loni, mu miryango iyegamiyeho no mu yindi miryango mpuzamahanga, barabarata bidafite ishingiro babinyujije mw’itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga bigaruriye, babafasha gucengeza abantu babo mu butegetsi bw’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bya Afurika bumvishije ko ngo Urwanda ari intangarugero mu byerekeye iterambere naho byahe birakajya, bakanabafasha gutoteza ababahunze n’abatinyuka kwamagana imiyoborere mibi yabo.

Abategetsi b’Urwanda b’ubu babonye bashyigikiwe n’ibihugu by’ibihangange barashyekerwa, batangira gukora ibintu bigayitse ku muntu wese ushyira mu gaciro. Nguko kwica, kunyereza no gufunga abarwanya ubutegetsi ndetse n’abataburwanya. Nguko kwikubira ibibyara inyungu byose mu gihugu no guca abaturage imisoro idasobanutse. Ngubwo ubwibone bukabije bumvisha buri wese ko ari ibitangaza. Nguko kubeshya no gutekinika byose bashaka kwereka amahanga ko igihugu bagiteje imbere bidasanzwe, ko gitekanye, ko kigendera ku mategeko, ko bagaruye amahoro bakagera no ku bwiyunge bw’abaturage nyuma y’itsembabwoko ryabaye mu Rwanda biyibagije ko barigizemo uruhare, n’ibindi binyoma byaba birebire kurondora. Babaye se bakora neza, Urwanda rwaba ku mwanya wa 45 ku bihugu 48 by’Afurika byakozwemo iperereza na Loni mu mwaka wa 2022 babaza abaturage gushyira ku gipimo uko bumva bishimye mu gihugu cyabo (indice de bonheur) (31)?

Icyakora iriya nkunga ntibayibahera ubuntu. Igihembo cyayo ni uko ubutegetsi bw’Urwanda bwemerera bariya ba mpatsibihugu gukora ibyo babasabye nta kwinuba. Ni yo mpamvu ubu Urwanda nta bwigenge na mba rugifite, rwahindutse igihugu cy’ikigaragu, ni ukuvuga ko ubutegetsi bwarwo buriho kubera ubushake bwa bariya ba mpatsibihugu, ariko na bwo bugasabwa kubungabunga inyungu zabo mu karere.

Ingero ni nyinshi zerekana ko Urwanda ba Anglo-Saxons n’ababagenda inyuma basigaye barukoreramo ibyo bashatse. Nk’ubu nta kindi gihugu kirabemerera kwakira impunzi badashaka iwabo. Abategetsi b’Urwanda ni bo bemera kubera ko batitaye ku nyungu z’abaturage, bareba izabo gusa n’iz’ababashyizeho. Twibuke amasezerano yuzuye ubugambanyi Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga yasinyanye n’Abanyamerika ngo mw’izina ry’umukuru w’igihugu tariki 28/05/2020, abemerera ko bashobora kuzana mu Rwanda abasirikari, abasiviri bakorana na bo, n’ibikoresho bashatse nta nkomyi, mbese ko bashobora kuruvogera uko bishakiye (32). Urundi rugero ni ukuntu ubutegetsi bwasimbuje ururimi rw’igifaransa urw’icyongereza mu mashuri no mu butegetsi bw’igihugu mu mwaka wa 2008 butabajije abaturage (33), bukaninjira mu muryango wa Commonwealth (34) mu mwaka wakurikiyeho wa 2009 kandi nta mateka y’ubukoroni Urwanda rufitanye n’Ubwongereza. Umuntu yanavuga ukuntu ingabo z’igihugu zikoreshwa bucanshuro bazijyana mu bindi bihugu ngo kurwanya imitwe y’iterabwoba ahantu ba mpatsibihugu baba bashaka kubungabunga inyungu zabo z’ubusahuzi.

Ibyo ubutegetsi bw’Urwanda bukora muri RD Kongo, cyane cyane mu ntara zayo z’iburasirazuba (Kivu y’amajyaruguru na Kivu y’amajyepfo), byo ni akumiro (35, 36). Ngizo intambara z’urudaca babeshya ko ziterwa n’Abatutsi bo muri RD Kongo binubira ko ngo bimwe byose, bakemeza ko bagomba kwirinda ngo baticwa n’abaturanyi babo ngo batabakunda. Ngubwo ubusahuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ataboneka ahandi kw’isi ariko akenewe n’amasosiyete yo mu bihugu byateye imbere mw’ikoranabuhanga ku buryo Urwanda rwahindutse iguriro ry’ayo mabuye y’agaciro kandi ntayo rufite ahagije mu butaka bwarwo. Ngubwo ubwicanyi raporo za Loni zemeza ko ari itsembabwoko (37) rimaze guhitana abantu barenga miriyoni icumi kuva mu mpera z’umwaka w’1996. Ngiryo iyicarubozo no gufata abagore n’abakobwa ku ngufu hagamijwe kumenesha abaturage kugirango aho bavuye hashobore gukorerwa ubusahuzi nta nkomyi.

Ayo mahano yose yanditsweho ibitabo akorwaho n’amaraporo menshi, amwe muri yo akozwe n’imiryango ivuga ko iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, andi n’abahanga boherezwa na Loni ubwayo (37), ariko na n’ubu nta bihano byigeze bifatirwa ubutegetsi bwo mu Rwanda kubera ko bitashoboka bidahawe umugisha n’Inama ya Loni ishinzwe umutekano kw’isi Abanyamerika n’Abongereza bafitemo ubushobozi bwo guhagarika icyemezo badashyigikiye (Veto). Bityo ubutegetsi bwo mu Rwanda bumeze nk’aho bufite ubudahangarwa ku byaha byose bushobora gukora, kandi koko butajya buzuyaza gukora, birimo n’itsembabwoko n’ibindi bihonyora inyoko muntu.

Iyo ibi byose ubihuje n’ibyandikwa bikanavugwa ko hari imigambi yo kurema igihugu cy’igihangange bamwe bita Empire Nilotique kigizwe na RD Kongo, Uburundi, Urwanda, Uganda, Tanzaniya, Kenya, Somaliya, Sudani y’Amajyepfo, Sudani, Etiyopiya, Djibuti na Eritereya, kigategekwa n’Abatutsi ngo n’abafitanye amasano na bo batuye muri ibyo bihugu (30), uhita wumva ko hashobora kuba hari imigambi mibisha iri gutegurirwa kariya karere. Hari n’inyandiko zigeze gucicikana kuri Internet mu myaka ya 2000 zisobanura icyiswe Manifesite ya Havila (38, 39), zemeza ko Abatutsi n’abandi bafitanye amasano na bo mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika ari Abayahudi. Twibutse kandi ko muri iyi myaka mirongo itatu ishize, Amerika n’Ubwongereza, n’ibindi bihugu bibigenda inyuma, byashenye ibihugu bitari bikeya, akenshi byifashishije abarwanyi b’abanyamahanga.

Muri make, turabona iriya gahunda yo kwirukana impunzi mu Bwongereza zikajyanwa mu Rwanda atari igikorwa cya politiki gusa yo gushimisha abaturage b’Abongereza batazishaka. Ibimenyetso ni byinshi, haba mu nyandiko (30) cyangwa mu madisikuru y’abayobozi bo muri Uganda no mu Rwanda (30), hamwe n’abo mu bihugu bigira ingeso yo gushaka guhaka ibindi nk’Ubufaransa na Amerika (40, 41), byerekana ko hari ubushake bwo kwigarurira intara z’iburasirazuba bwa RD Kongo kubera ubukungu buhari, hagatuzwa Abatutsi bo mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika n’abandi bavamahanga bazaba bateganyijwe (30).

Ni yo mpamvu twifatanyije n’abandi bakomye akamo mbere yacu, tukabwira Abanyarwanda n’Abanyekongo ko bagomba kurya ari menge, bakarwanya iriya gahunda yo kwirukana impunzi zivanwa mu Bwongereza zijyanwa mu Rwanda. Impamvu ni uko zishobora kuvangwamo abarwanyi baza gufasha wa mutwe witwaje intwaro witwa M23 (Mouvement du 23 Mars), ubutegetsi bwo muri RD Kongo bwemeza ko ugizwe n’ingabo z’Urwanda, kwigarurira intara z’iburasirazuba bwayo. Hashobora no kuba hari gahunda yo kugumishaho ubutegetsi bwo mu Rwanda bukaramba, noneho bakifashisha abo bavamahanga ngo babe babushyigikira kuko abaturage bo mu moko uko ari atatu mu gihugu bamaze kuburambirwa, bukaba busigaye bwubakiye ku bahezanguni b’Abatutsi na ba mpatsibihugu babushyizeho. Ngizo kabutindi twavumbuye ko zishobora kuba zihishe inyuma y’iriya gahunda.

5. Umwanzuro

Muri iyi nyandiko twerekanye ko ahantu hose Abongereza bigaruriye mu bihe bari bagikoroniza ibindi bihugu, na nyuma yaho aho bagiye basimbura ubutegetsi ku ngufu bafatanyije n’Abanyamerika n’abandi babagenda inyuma, abaturage baho byabagwaga nabi cyane.

Twerekanye kandi ko abategetsi b’Urwanda b’iki gihe bakoresha igitugu, ko bagurishije ubwigenge bwarwo, ko batitaye ku nyungu z’abaturage, ko bakoresha bucanshuro ingabo z’igihugu batera mu mahanga bitari mu nyungu z’Abanyarwanda, ko bashishikazwa gusa no gushakisha ahantu hose bakura amafaranga kuko bamenyereye kubaho birengeje ubushobozi bw’igihugu, mu gihe bategereje ko ababashyizeho bazanabafasha gushinga cya gihugu cy’igihangange muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba bamwe bita Empire Nilotique ngo cyayoborwa n’Abatutsi n’abandi bafitanye amasano.

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Nibutse abasomyi b’iyi nkuru ko kuva kuwa mbere Ukwakira 1990 kugera kuya 4 Nyakanga 1994, hari intambara y’ubutegetsi ishyamiranije ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda bw’icyo gihe n’abakomoka ku bategekaga u Rwanda kandi barutegetse imyaka isaga 900 bakavaho muri 1959, bavanyweho n’imvururu ubwabo bateje. Ntakabura imvano. Imyaka ibaye 30, Perezida Paul Kagame ategeka u Rwanda. Agarura ya ngoma, agarura ya ngoyi. Afata ubutegetsi bwose ku ngufu mu nduru n’imiborogo, none magingo aya aribeshyera ko yunze abanyarwanda. Ni nde na nde biyunze ko Paul Kagame avuga ko nta moko abaho mu Rwanda ? Abiyunze bahujwe na nde ? Bahuriye he ? Bapfaga iki ? Ibisubizo by’ibibazo twese twibaza ni byo bitanga ishushombonera y’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida w’u Rwanda. 

Igihe cyose uyu Paul Kagame yemeza ko abantu bari mu Rwanda rwe nta bwoko bafite, ibyo yabitirira byo ntibibareba. Yemere ko hari abatutsi nka we, ko n’abatwa atabishe ngo abamare n’abahutu yahaye izina rishya. Iyo yivugiye ko hari abarokotse n’abicanyi bangomba gusaba imbabazi n’ubuvivi n’ubuvivure bwabo bukazazisaba, bwa bwiyunge burihe ? Bwagarukiye ko nta byemezo bigaragara byafashwe ! By’umwihariko, abiyunga bemeranya kandi bemera abo baribo. Imana yaremye abantu mu moko atandukanye kugira ngo bamenyane. Ubwoko ni ukuri kutagomba kudutangatanga no kudutanga imbere abantu, ni ukuri kwagombye gufasha kwegerana. Kuva aho kuri bamwe ubwoko bwabaye icyubahiro ariko bugahindurwa igisebo ku bandi, ubwiyunge buririmbwa mu Rwanda ni icyuka ! Hiyunga abantu bubahana mbere na mbere kandi babwizanya ukuri, imbere y’umuhuza bemeranijwe ho.

Abiyunze baba barahujwe na Paul Kagame ? Umuhuza w’abantu abo aribo bose yirinda gucira aba n’aba urubanza. Cyane cyane ariko, yirinda gutonesha bamwe no gupyinagaza abandi ! Ni byo koko rero, abatwa, abahutu n’abatutsi, nta muntu wigeze abatega amatwi agamije kumva ikibazo bafitanye ngo yumve uko giteye n’uko gishinze. Tureke kwitana ba mwana. Intambara y’imigogo yashyamiranije abahutu n’abatutsi, ibyere ku Rucuncu byahitanye abatutsi benshi n’abahutu barenze ukwemera. Amazina yacu umutwa, umuhutu, umututsi, ni ururimi rwacu. Ni uko Imana yaturemye, tuyibishimire. Amazina yacu kuyasiba si cyo gisubizo. Kuyarenga ni wo muti. Dufitanye ikibazo cy’inyungu zitabarika. Kugikemura bisaba abahagarariye, abarebwa nizo nyungu, kwicarana bakumvikana uburyo buziguye bazasaranganya mo izo nyungu zitavugwa. 

N’ubwo abatwa bari bacye cyane, abahutu n’abatutsi bakoze nk’aho batabaho. Intambara yo yagaruye abatutsi ku ngoma abenshi yabaciye hejuru. Abatutsi n’abahutu bapfa ubutegetsi ! Abatutsi bashaka kubwiharira bakoresheje igitugu. 

Abahutu bagashaka kubusangira n’abandi hakozwe amatora aha buri muntu ijwi rye rirabara. Ibi birasaba abahutu, abatutsi n’umutwa nyakamwe indi mikurire n’imyumvire ya politiki badafite magingo aya. Aho kwibona mu ndorerwamo y’ubwoko bakibona mu ishyaka. Abantu barenze 3 bareka gufatana mu mihogo bagafatana mu nda. Agamije guhirika no gukumira burundu abahutu ku ubutegetsi uwo Paul Kagame n’Inkotanyi ze basize ibara abo babangikanye babahindura ibicibwa imbere y’abandi bantu bose biyi isi. Kuko abantu bose bemera ibyo babwiwe ! Nta mwanya bafite wo kwibaza ibibazo ku byo babwiwe kabone n’iyo babwirwa amatakaragasi. 

Ubwiyunge bw’abahutu n’abatutsi ni icyuka! Ntibwigeze bubaho, nta muntu wigeze yicarana na bo ngo yumve ikibazo cyabo ngo agerageze gufatanya na bo kugishakira umuti. Ikibazo kiriho ni uburyo ki Paul Kagame n’Inkotanyi ze bafashe ubutegetsi ? Perezida Kagame yakoze amategeko abuza abantu bose kuvuga iki kibazo. N’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bifite impuguke nyinshi byamushyigikiye muri ubwo busuma birema amategeko akakaye ahana umuntu wese uzagira icyo anenga ku nzira n’impamvu zagize Paul Kagame Perezida. Ibyo arega abandi nawe biramureba kuko yari ahari, yabigizemo uruhare. Magingo aya, abahutu bari mu gihugu, abatutsi batavuga rumwe na Paul Kagame na wa mutwa wahinduwe nyakamwe, babaye bose ingaruzwamuheto. Bashyizwe ku ngoyi nk’iya ya ngoma yamaze imyaka 1000. Guca mu ziko ntigushye !

Ribara uwariraye ! Iyi myaka akangari ni yo yateye agasuzuguro ka bene aka kageni.

Fideline UWASE

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Amakuru yihuse atugeraho aravuga ko uyu Gasana Yusufu Ahmed kubusanzwe wari impunzi muri Kenya, yaba afungiwe muri SAFE HOUSE ziri mu karere ka Rwamagana (niba atarishwe cyangwa ngo yimurirwe ahandi) mu Rwanda ndetse akaba ngo yaba ari gukorerwa iyicarubozo. 

Uretse guharanira uburenganzira bw’impunzi z’abanyarwanda ziri muri Kenya, Yusuf Gasana yari n’umwigisha mu idini ya islam (ustazi) mu gace yari atuyemo ka Kayole i Nairobi aho yigishaga amasomo y’idini ya islam ku musigiti.

Ibura rya Yusufu Gasana rihuzwa n’ibihe abayislam bo mu Rwanda banyuzemo kuva mu mwaka 2016 bacurwa bufuni na buhoro bazizwa gutwererwa ibikorwa by’iterabwoba.

Ntagushidikanya ko izingiro ry’iri shimutwa rituruka ku muryango w’abayislam witwa Hizbu Tahril bivugwa ko uyu Gasana yabarizwagamo bikaba ari nayo mpamvu yageretsweho kuba mu mitwe y’iterabwoba ishingiye kuri HIZBU Tahril, bituma Polisi ya Kenya ibisamira hejuru, ibi byahaye icyuho inzego z’iperereza z’u Rwanda kumuroba bakamujyana gufungirwa muri safe house I Rwamagana.

Mu kwezi kwa gatanu 2023 televiziyo ya Citizen tv yo muri Kenya yasuye umugore wa Gasana mu gace ka Kayole nyuma y’ishimutwa rye yayitangarije ko Gasana yashimutiwe aho yari atuye, imbere y’umwana we w’imyaka 6 aho yasanze nyina wari mu gikoni akamubwira ko abonye abantu badasanzwe, bari bitwaye nk’abajura bafashe se mu buryo bubi bakamutwara.

Uyu mugore wa Yusufu Gasana icyo gihe yavuze ko Kamera ya CCTV yafashe amashusho, yagaragaje ko yatwawe n’imodoka ya Landcruiser ifite ibara rya Cream cyangwa Beige na Plake KCB188B. Naho Lawlor ukorera LONI akaba ashinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu, we yahamije ko uyu Gasana byanze bikunze yashimuswe inzego z’umutekano muri Leta ya Kenya.

Mary Lawlor impuguke idasanzwe y’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu (OHCHR) muri iyi minsi yumvikanye asaba igihugu cya Kenya n’u Rwanda gutanga amakuru y’aho umunyarwanda Yusuf Ahmed Gasana aherereye nyuma yo gutwarwa n’abantu batazwi bamukuye iwe i NAIROBI mu kwezi kwa 5 umwaka w’2023. Iyi mpuguke ikomeza ivuga ko ishimutwa no gutwarwa ku ngufu mu Rwanda kwa Yusufu Gasana waharaniraga uburenganzira bwa muntu ari ikibazo kigomba gukemuka.

Inkuru y’ishimutwa rya Yusuf Gasana itwibutsa mubihe byashize aho abayislam barenga 60 baciye mu bubabare bwo mu mazu y’ibanga agenzurwa n’abahotozi kabombo ba Polisi y’u Rwanda, baje kuboneka hashize amezi atatu, bashyikirizwa inkiko baragizwe intere ariko bihagararaho bahakana ibyo bashinjwaga inkiko zibura ibyemezo byatuma bafungwa ariko Polisi ihitamo gusigarana 15 muri bo nk’ikimenyetso cyo kwanga guseba.

Na none kandi twibuke ko mu kwezi kwa mbere 2022, Inkiko zo mu Rwanda zarekuye abagabo batanu  barimo  Rumanzi Amaran, Nizeyimana Yazid, Kabengera Abdallah, Uwimana Justin Omar na Rurangwa Ibrahim. Aba bayislam bashinjwaga na Leta ya Kigali gukorana n’iri shyirahamwe Hizbu Tahril nyuma yo kuburana umuhenerezo bahakana ko nato bahuriye n’iterabwoba.

Uyu mutwe cyangwa ishyirahamwe nkuko bigaragara kuri wikipedia mu makuru twakuruye, nuko ukorera mu gihugu cya Kenya kandi leta ya Kenya ikaba izi imikorere yawo ko utari mu mitwe umuryango mpuzamahanga ufata nk’ umutwe w’iterabwoba.

Leta y’u Rwanda imenyereye gushimuta byaba na ngombwa ikica abanyarwanda babarizwa muri Kenya. Tubibutse ko 2020 nabwo uwitwa Guillame Rutembesa wari impunzi muri Kenya yashimuswe aburirwa irengero mu murwa mukuru Nairobi. Uyu yari azwi nk’umuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga nawe akaba yaranengaga bikomeye ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Kagame. Urutonde rw’abashimutiwe cyangwa bakicirwa muri Kenya rumaze kuba rurerure kuko hari n’abatamenyekana ngo bavugwe. 

Nubwo amakuru dufite atubwira ko uyu Gasana Yusuf nyuma yo gushimutwa yaba ari gukorerwa iyicarubuzo muri safe house ziri i Rwamagana, nta gihamya ko yaba agihumeka dore ko benshi leta y’u Rwanda ishimuta kuri buriya buryo mubihugu byo mu karere cyangwa mu gihugu imbere, abenshi muri bo birangira bishwe bikarangira gutyo. Abanyarwanda bahungiye mu bihugu biri mu karere u Rwanda rubarizwamo barasabwa kuryamira amajanja kuko Leta ya Kigali yiyemeje guhiga bukware utavuga rumwe nayo aho yaba abarizwa hose.

Paul Mudenge 

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Yandistwe na Jean Baptiste Nkuliyingoma

Ku buryo butunguranye tariki ya 30 Nyakanga 2024 i Luanda muri Angola ba Ministiri batatu, uw’u Rwanda, uwa RDC n’uwa Angola basinye amasezerano yo guhagarika imirwano hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC. Babyise agahenge kazatangira ejobundi tariki ya 4 Kanama 2024 saa sita z’ijoro. Iyo nkuru yakiriwe neza n’abayobozi b’ibihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, u Bufaransa, u Bubiligi n’ibindi wenda ntabashije kumenya.

Hari abavuga ko Leta y’u Rwanda iyo yemeye gusinya amasezerano ameze kuriya iba yemeye ku mugaragaro ibyo ihora ihakana y’uko nta ruhare ifite mu ntambara ibera mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo kuko ngo ari ikibazo hagati y’abanyekongo. Bene izi mpaka ntabwo twakwirirwa tuzitindaho kuko tuzi neza ko u Rwanda rufite uruhare runini muri iriya ntambara kandi n’impamvu rwayishoje ntabwo ari ibanga.

Igikomeye abantu bakwiye kwibazaho ni agaciro k’ariya masezerano atari n’aya mbere yagiye ashyirwaho umukono kandi ntiyigere yubahirizwa. Ese ubu hari amahirwe angana iki y’uko ariya yo yakubahirizwa?

INTAMBARA IMAZE GUTWARA BYINSHI

Iriya ntambara imaze imyaka ibiri n’igice. Birumvikana yatwaye byinshi cyane ku mpande zombi zirwana. Kagame ayishoza yari yizeye ko Perezida Felix Antoine Tshisekedi wari ukijya ku butegetsi kandi mu buryo bw’amanyanga yakozwe na Kabila atazashyigikirwa bihagije kugirango abashe kuyirwana. Yizeraga ko abarwanya Tshisekedi bazamutera inkunga byanashoboka igihugu bakagicamo imirwi vuba na bwangu (balkanisation). Ibyo bintu ntabwo byakunze. Ahubwo intambara yahaye Tshisekedi isura y’umuntu ukunda igihugu cye kandi urwanya abasahuzi (patriote).

Insinzi yagize mu matora aheruka ntabwo ishidikanywaho n’ubwo amatora yabayemo ibibazo. Nta muntu ushidikanya ku nsinzi ye. Ikindi gikomeye ku ruhande rwa Kongo nuko hafi abanyekongo bose bumvise ko batewe n’igihugu cy’u Rwanda.

Ibyo bikaba byarabwiwe isi yose ku buryo inyeshyamba za M23 zitazwi. Mu buryo bwa diplomatie ziriya nyeshyamba zaratsinzwe. Ibyo bifite ingaruka ku Rwanda rugaragara nka gashozantambara kandi nyamara rukenera no gufashwa.

KAGAME AMAZE KURAMBIRANA KANDI N’AMIKORO ARIMO GUKENDERA.

Nyuma y’amatora yabaye tariki ya 15 Nyakanga 2024 akarangira Kagame abonye amahwi 99,18% ibihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, ubwongereza, ubufaransa n’ububiligi ntabwo byamwoherereje ubutumwa bwo kumushimira. Bivuze ko insinzi ye nta gaciro buyiha. Kandi ubukungu bwifashe nabi. Ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ryagabanutseho 50% kuva intambara yo mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo itangiye kugeza ubu. Idolari ryavunjaga amanyarwanda 1000 ubu riri hafi ku 1500.

Umuntu ashobora gutekereza ko ubushobozi bw’u Rwanda kugirango rukomeze iriya ntambara bushobora kuba bumaze gukendera kandi biriya bihugu bya Botswana na Congo Brazzaville byohereje télégrammes de félicitations rugikubita ntacyo bizamarira Kagame. Ikindi gikomeye ni ariya mafranga igihugu cy’ubwongereza bwamuhaga ngo yo kwakira abasaba ubuhungiro muri icyo gihugu yahagaritswe. Ibyo bikaba mu gihe Emmanuel Macron warumushyigikiye yabuze ingufu mu nteko ishinga amategeko haba mu gihugu cye haba no muri Union Européenne.

KAGAME AKENEYE GUSOHOKA MU NTAMBARA ARIKO ADASEBYE.

Ibi byose bishobora gutuma Kagame ahindura umuvuno agashaka uburyo iriya ntambara ayisohokamo ariko ntibizamworohera kuko kuva muri kongo nuguhara ahantu yubakiye ubukungu bwe n’ubw’abo bafatanije. Niho yakuraga ingufu zo gukomeza ubutegetsi bwe.

Havuzwe ko Kongo igiye gucyura FDLR. Iyi nayo ni imbogamizi muri aya masezerano kuko ntabwo Kagame yifuzaga ko ikibazo cya FDLR kirangira. Aracyafite ubushobozi bwo kuzashyiramo ibihato bikaba nka kumwe umudepite umwe wa CDR yahindutse impamvu zo kuburizamo amasezerano ya Arusha. Hari ibyo u Rwanda ruzasabwa kugirango FDLR ibashe kuva mu mashyamba ya Kongo itahe. Ibyo ntibizabura kuzamo bya bindi by’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n’ibindi Kagame amenyereye kwifashisha. Mu by’ukuri ariya masezerano kugirango agire icyo yageraho n’uko presha yakomeza kuba nyinshi.

Ikigaragara nuko Kagame nawe intambara imuvuna ariko kuyivamo neza ntibyoroshye.

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Yanditswe na Jean Baptiste Nkuliyingoma

Abayobozi ba guverinoma nshya y’Ubwongereza ejo batangaje ko abo basimbuye bari bamaze gusohora miliyoni 700 z’ama pounds mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano bagiranye na guverinoma y’u Rwanda ajyanye na ya gahunda yo guhambiriza ku ngufu abaje gusaba ubuhungiro mu Bwongereza bakajya gutuzwa mu Rwanda.

Mu kanya ndebye kuri google nsanga pound imwe yavunjaga amafranga y’u Rwanda 1697 frw. Bivuga ngo miliyoni 700 z’amapounds ni hafi miliyari 1200 z’amanyarwanda.

Birashoboka ko aya mafranga yose atagiye mu Rwanda kuko mu bintu nka biriya harimo ibisambo byinshi biba bikuramo ayabyo ariko uko biri kose ayagiye mu Rwanda nayo ntabwo ari make. Ibikomeye cyane ni andi mafranga yavuzwe ngo yagombaga kuzatangwa mu myaka 6 iri imbere ajyanye nyine no gushimangira iyo gahunda. Ni za miliyari nyinshi z’ama pounds. Numvise kuri channel y’umukongamani witwa Ombe Nyamuhombeza (uvuga neza ikinyarwanda) bagerageza kubara ayo ma pounds mu manyarwanda ariko byabananiye. Gusa ni amafranga menshi cyane aruta bugdet y’u Rwanda mu myaka 10.

Tugarutse kuri ariya mafranga Leta ya Kagame yabonye muri ibi bihe by’intambara irwana yihishe mu izina rya M23 yanyibukije ibyo James Gasana yatangaje mu gitabo cye (Rwanda du parti-état à l’état-garnison, cyasohotse muri 2002) aho avuga ko mu gihe FPR yarwanaga ishaka gufata ubutegetsi hagati ya 1990 na 1994 Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zahaye inkunga ihambaye kandi idasanzwe igihugu cya Uganda ku buryo abasesenguzi babonye ko bwari uburyo bwo kohereza amafranga yagombaga gufasha FPR.

Na biriya bifaranga byinshi u Rwanda rwahawe (kandi rwateganyaga gukomeza guhabwa) byitwa ko ari gahunda yo gutegura kwakira abimukira bazava mu Bwongereza bishobora kuba aribyo bwatumaga abitwa ko ari inyeshyamba za M23 bafite ibitwaro bihambaye ku buryo barusha na MONUSCO.

Ntagushidikanya ko iyi ntambara ihambaye imaze imyaka irenga ibiri yashobotse kubera ingufu ziva hanze. Birumvikana ko yaba inyeshyamba ubwazo yaba na Leta y’u Rwanda bose ntawufite ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho tugenda twumva.

Impinduka mu buyobozi bw’Ubwongereza ishobora kuba izazana icyuho kinini niba hatabonetse abandi baterankunga baziyemeza kukiziba. Uko biri kose wa mugabo wavuze ko kugeza magingo aya ataribona yashobewe ashobora kuba ari hafi no kubura uko ashoberwa. Hari izindi mpinduka zirimo kuba cyangwa zirimo guca amarenga (mwumvise ibyabaye mu matora y’abadepite mu Bufaransa, dutegereje n’amatora akomeye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika), reka turebe icyo izo mpinduka nazo zizatuzanira.

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Yanditswe na Jean Baptiste Nkuliyingoma

Rya kinamico ryarangiye. Nk’uko byari biteganijwe intore izirusha intambwe yegukanye insinzi ya 99,15%. Ibyo kwitakuma no kubyina insinzi nabyo byakozwe kandi bizakomeza. Mbese muri make bwa bukwe bwagenze neza. Hari benshi bwasizemo imvune, hari n’abo bwahitanye ariko Imana ishimwe urwo rubanza ruvuye mu nzira.

Hari ibintu ariko bidakwiye kwirengagizwa uko byagenda kose. Umukandida watowe yiyamamaje avuga ko afite gahunda yo kurwana n’igihugu cy’abaturanyi. Nukuvuga ko ari ibintu bizasaba amafranga menshi yo kugura intwaro zigezweho harimo n’indege zihenze cyane ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho bizasaba ubwitange bwa buri wese tutaretse n’inguzanyo zizishyurwa mu gihe kirekire. Intambara ariko isaba cyane cyane amaraso menshi.

Urugamba runywa amaraso nk’uko imodoka ikenera essence cyangwa mazout kugirango igende. Kwitegura Intambara rero nukwitegura gupfusha abantu bacu, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko. Ni ikibazo gikomeye.

Amatora arangiye umwe mu banyapolitiki b’ingenzi abifuza impinduka bacungiraho (Madame Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza) abwiwe amagambo agaragara nk’integuza y’ibintu bitari byiza bishobora kumukorerwa. Ntabwo ari ibyo gukinisha, cyane ko Perezida Paul Kagame ariwe wabyivugiye, akabivuga tuzi “ibigwi” bye muri iyi myaka 30 tumaranye.

Ikibazo ni iki: umugabo agiye mu ntambara. Ayigiyemo ku mpamvu zo gushaka kubakira ubukungu bwe (n’ubutegetsi bwe) ku mutungo w’ikindi gihugu. Amahanga arimo kutwamagana. SADEC igizwe n’ibihugu 16 irarwana ku ruhande rw’uwo muturanyi wagowe.

Ni intambara ishobora kurangira nabi nk’uko akenshi intambara zirangira. Bizaba se nka bya bindi twagiye tubona aho abarwanyi bamwe babona byabarangiranye bagahitamo kwifotoza bafatiye icyuma ku gakanu k’ingwate baba bafite?

Ngirango ntabwo ari ibanga mennye. Buri wese azi ko ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda bubitse ingwate. Abo babwira ko bashobora kurangiza nabi ni abo ngabo bafashwe bugwate badashobora gukinisha gusohoka muri kiriya gihugu. Twibutse ko Diane Shima Rwigara nawe aherutse gutakamba kuri imwe mu maradiyo mpuzamahanga avuga ko ntabyangombwa akigira, akaba atemerewe gusohoka mu gihugu. Mu Rwanda hari itegeko rivuga ko kugirango wiyamamarize umwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu ubanza gusubiza ubundi bwenegihugu niba hari ubwo wagiraga. Uwo ni umwe mu mitego wo kugirango abantu nibagera mu Rwanda babe nk’abafatiwe muri rwagakoco. Abo rero nibo bagomba kuvamo ingwate ibintu byakomeye.

Muri make ishyamba ntabwo ari ryeru. Ariya majwi 99,15% yaraye atangajwe ubwayo ateye ubwoba. Uwariwe wese ushishoza arumva ko mu Rwanda nta buhumekero buhari.

Igihugu gifite impunzi zisaga miliyoni hirya no hino ku isi, kikaba gifite imfungwa za politiki n’abanyamakuru baborera mu buroko bazira kunenga ubutegetsi, igihugu abaturage bicwa n’inzara, batabasha gusuhuka cyangwa guhahirana n’abaturanyi kubera ko imwe mu mipaka ifunze, igihugu abaturage bacyo badasiba kwiyahura kubera kwiheba, abandi bakitwa ko biyahuye kandi bishwe, ubu koko icyo ni igihugu cy’umuyobozi ukunzwe cyane ku buryo abona amajwi 99, 15%? Ese abateguye ririya kinamico ni abarwayi? Utagera we ntapfa kugereranya? Kagame yaraye avuze ko atajya ashoberwa cyokora ndabona ibihe biri imbere amahirwe yo gushoberwa ku bantu benshi ari 99%.

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Mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa kabiri tariki ya 20 Kanama 2024, habaye inkongi y’umuriro ikomeye mu nzu iherereye ahitwa Katwijk mu Buholandi, yatumye abantu bane bakomereka. Iyo nkongi yibasiye inzu yari ituwemo na Thérèse Dusabe, umubyeyi wa Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, umunyapolitiki utavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Leta y’u Rwanda.

Inkongi yatangiye ahagana saa moya n’iminota 45 z’igitondo (07:45) mu gice cyo hasi cy’iyo nzu. Mu gihe gito, umuriro waje kuba mwinshi kandi ugorana kuwuzimya. Abashinzwe kuzimya inkongi bahise bahamagarwa ari benshi mu rwego rwo guhangana n’uyu muriro, mu gihe imodoka z’imbangukiragutabara n’indege za kajugujugu ebyiri zahise zoherezwa muri ako gace ngo zishobore gutabara abantu bakomeretse bikomeye.

Muri abo bantu bane bakomerekeye mu nkongi, harimo na Thérèse Dusabe ubwe, hamwe n’abandi bantu batatu bavugwa ko bari abashyitsi baturutse mu Bufaransa. Iyi nkongi yari ikomeye cyane ku buryo yangije cyane inyubako, kugeza ubu ntiharamenyekana impamvu nyakuri yateye iyi nkongi.

Ubwo inkongi yabaga, umuyobozi w’agace ka Katwijk, Cornelis Visser, yaje kugera ahabereye inkongi maze agirana ibiganiro n’abaturage bo muri ako gace, anagaragaza ko iperereza rikomeje kugira ngo hamenyekane neza icyateye iyo nkongi niba ari impanuka cyangwa niba ari igikorwa kigambiriwe.

Iyi nkongi ibaye mu gihe umuryango wa Thérèse Dusabe wibasiwe n’itotezwa rikomeye kuva umukobwa we, Victoire Ingabire, yajya mu bikorwa bya politiki mu Rwanda, aho akomeje kumvikana anenga cyane gahunda z’ubutegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi n’imikorere ya Perezida Kagame. Abashyigikiye ubutegetsi bakomeje kwibasira umuryango we, cyane cyane bashinja Thérèse Dusabe uruhare muri Jenoside yo mu 1994, ibyo bikaba ari iturufu ikunze gukoreshwa na Leta y’u Rwanda mu gucecekesha abatavuga rumwe nayo bo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu.

N’ubwo iperereza rigikomeje, hari impungenge ku banyapolitiki batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda ko iyi nkongi ishobora kuba ifitanye isano n’ibikorwa byibasira umuryango wa Victoire Ingabire, cyane ko iki gikorwa cy’inkongi kibaye nyuma y’amatora yabaye mu Rwanda ku wa 15 Nyakanga 2024, aho Victoire Ingabire yangiwe kwiyamamaza ariko agakomeza gutanga ibitekerezo binenga ubutegetsi bwa FPR. Iyi nkongi irakomeje gukurikirwa n’amatsiko menshi cyane ku banyarwanda, cyane cyane abibaza niba ari impanuka cyangwa igikorwa cya politiki kigamije guhohotera umuryango wa Ingabire.

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